Annotated Bibliography

Primary Sources

AT&T Archives: Genesis of the Transistor . AT&T , 1965. YouTube , www.youtube.com/watch?v=WiQvGRjrLnU&app=desktop. Accessed 12 Dec. 2019. 

     This source is primary because it is a film that was made at the time to explain the 
transistor and how it works. This is a great source because of how well the transistor 
worked and the understanding back then. We were able to get many small details from 
this source.

Bardeen, John. "Banquet Speech." Stockholm Concert Hall, 10 Dec. 1972, Stockholm. Speech. 
     

     This is a primary source because it was written down when he did a speech at the Nobel 
     Prize Banquet. We used this to get a better idea of John Bardeen. This allowed us to know 
     more about him as an individual and his achievements.

narrator. Early Days of the Transistor, February 28, 1979 - Part 2 - Digital Surrogates from the 
     John Bardeen Papers, Series 11/10/20. 1979. Media Space Illinois , 
     mediaspace.illinois.edu/playlist/dedicated/59489761/1_msh8cgwl/1_ou9b4cmb. 
     Accessed 17 Dec. 2019.

      This is a primary source because it is recordings of the early days of the transistor and what they taught of it. We found                 it when we where looking for advanced sources. We used it on our website.

narrator. Lecture on Transistors, April 23, 1990 - Part 2 - Digital Surrogates from the John 
     Bardeen Papers, Series 11/10/20. Media Space Illinois , 
     mediaspace.illinois.edu/playlist/dedicated/59489761/1_msh8cgwl/1_9qf5o1fc. Accessed 
     17 Dec. 2019.

     This is a primary source because it is recordings made at the time. This was also given to us when we where doing                                   advanced research. We used it in our website.

Bardeen01. Produced by Marga 149, 1990.

     This is a primary source because it was when John Bardeen was still alive and gave a lecture. This is a good primary                    source because it gave us insight on his other career as a professor. We were able to make connections to John 
     Bardeen.

Genesis of the Transistor. Produced by AT&T, AT&T, 1965.

     This is a primary source because it was filmed during the time after John Bardeen invented the transistor in 1945. This was     
     a good source because it gave insight onto primary information. We were able to make the 
     connection to John Bardeen.

"John Bardeen." Interview conducted by Lillian Hoddeson. AIp, AIP Publishing, 
     www.aip.org/history-programs/niels-bohr-library/oral-histories/4146-1. Accessed 21 Nov. 
     2019.

     This is primary because it is a interview with John Bardeen. This lead us to another 
     good source which is his biography. We where able to get lots of information from this 
     interview.

"Nobel winner, inventor of transistor dead at 82 // John Bardeen was an electronics pioneer: 
     [FINAL Edition]." Austin American Statesman [Austin Texas ], Jan. 1991, Obituary sec. 
     Proquest , search.proquest.com/news/docview/256106199/C4E7398B2840456APQ/8?accountid=86
     57. Accessed 18 Nov. 2019.

     This is a Primary source because it is a news paper of his 
     obituary confirming when he died. we didn't have much use for this site. It did confirm 
     for us when he died.

The Transistor. Directed by Western Electric, Western Electric Recording, 1953.

     This is a primary source because it was filmed only a few years after the invention of the 
     transistor. We used this video in order to have knowledge about the transistor and John's 
     work. This was helpful in learning the complexity of the transistor.

The Transistor: A 1953 Documentary, Anticipating Its Coming Impact on Technology . AT&T, 
     1953. YouTube , m.youtube.com/watch?v=V9xUQWo4vN0. Accessed 12 Dec. 2019.

     This source is primary because it is a video of the time. This put perspective on how they 
     anticipated the transistor. We go some information from this video.

Secondary Sources

Alba, Michael, editor. "Vacuum Tubes: The World Before Transistors." engineering.com, 19 Jan. 2018, 
     www.engineering.com/ElectronicsDesign/ElectronicsDesignArticles/ArticleID/16337/Va
     cuum-Tubes-The-World-Before-Transistors.aspx. Accessed 15 Nov. 2019.

     This was a good source to learn of the technology pre-transistors. It was a good source of 
     background information of technology including vacuum tubes. I used this source to get 
     basic facts on my narrow source.

"The Basics of Physics." Lumen.Learning.com, 
     courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-physics/chapter/the-basics-of-physics/. Accessed 
     12 Dec. 2019.

     This was a source that we used a lot for physics. We needed a basic background of physics and we stumbled across this.          We used this source to get a basic knowledge of physics.

"Computer Science." Tech Terms, 22 Aug. 2014, techterms.com/definition/computer_science. 
     Accessed 16 Dec. 2019.

     This website was one of our starter websites. We used it to get a 
     grasp on how computers work. We did not get much information from it.

"History of Engineering." CreatingTechnology, creatingtechnology.org/history.htm. Accessed 22 
     Nov. 2019.

     This was one of the first sources we used when we decided on John Bardeen 
     to get more knowledge about his work. It was a great website that gave us broad 
     information about engineering. We used this source to get broad information.

"History of Radio." LinkEngineering.org, 
     www.linkengineering.org/Explore/Resources/52597.aspx. Accessed 20 Nov. 2019.

     We used this source to get more knowledge on what technology was like without transistors. 
     It gave grasp to pre-Transistor technology and how it ran. Overall it was specific 
     information on pre-Transistor technology.

"How do transistors work?" explainthatstuff.com, 29 June 2019, 
     www.explainthatstuff.com/howtransistorswork.html. Accessed 15 Nov. 2019.

     We had to learn about what the transistor was so we started off on the basics. From this source we 
     obtained key information about the Transistor. This was a good source for the transistor.

"James M. Bardeen." Iau.org, www.iau.org/administration/membership/individual/2999/.

     This was an early website we used for primary sources and was one of the first. We used this 
     to contact John Bardeen's son, James Bardeen as to possibly use him as a source.

"John Bardeen." Illinois Edu, physics.illinois.edu/people/memorials/bardeen. Accessed 21 Nov. 
     2019.

     This website was helpful because it had information on the life and work on John 
     Bardeen. We where in the middle of our research when we used it. We got more small 
     details from it.

"John Bardeen." Nationalmaglab.org, 
     nationalmaglab.org/education/magnet-academy/history-of-electricity-magnetism/pioneers
     /john-bardeen. Accessed 12 Dec. 2019.

     We use this as a really good starter and bounced 
     off of this website. This website gave us a really good summary of what of he did and his 
     accomplishments. Overall this was a very helpful source for our basic research.

"John Bardeen." nobelprize.org, www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1956/bardeen/biographical/. 
     Accessed 15 Nov. 2019.

     We used this this to get really get information on John Bardeen 
     since he won two Nobel prizes so they were close. From this source we achieved a much 
     better general knowledge about John Bardeen. This was a very helpful source for us to 
     use.

"John Bardeen." pbs.org, 1999, www.pbs.org/transistor/album1/bardeen/. Accessed 15 Nov. 
     2019.

     This was also a very good starting website to go off of since it led to much more 
     and gave us in depth information. This again was also a website about John Bardeen 
     general background. This was a very helpful source that led us a long way.

Kirkland, Kyle. Electricity and Magnetism. New York, Infobase Publishing, 2007.

     This source was great starting source for us. It explained how transistors work compared to vacuum 
     tubes. Giving us starting information.

Levine, Alaina G. "Bell Telephone Labs, New Jersey ." APS Physics, 2008,  
     www.aps.org/programs/outreach/history/historicsites/transistor.cfm. Accessed 15 Nov. 
     2019. We used this source later in our research.

     This was a good secondary source. It had 
     more small details about the vacuum tubes.

PBS. "Transistorized." PBS, 8 Nov. 1999, www.pbs.org/transistor/. Accessed 12 Dec. 2019.

     This site was one of our early sites. This site provided lots of information on the transistor. 
     This site was very useful.

"Transistors." learn.sparkfun.com, Nate Seidle, 
     learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/transistors?_ga=2.236299650.2082972883.1573827364-149
     6376204.1573827364. Accessed 15 Nov. 2019.

     This was a source we used in the middle 
     of our research. This source explained how the transistor worked. We got Lots of 
     information from this site.

"What do electrical engineers do?" Engineering.unsw.edu.au, 
     www.engineering.unsw.edu.au/electrical-engineering/what-we-do/what-do-electrical-engi
     neers-do. Accessed 12 Dec. 2019.

     This source was a early source. We got a early 
     understanding on what engineers do. We got some information from this source.

Tertiary Sources

"Computer." Worldbook Student, edited by Elsa L. Gunter, pp. 1-71. World Book Student, 
     www.worldbookonline.com/student-new/#/article/home/ar127860/computer%20hardwar
     e. Accessed 22 Nov. 2019.

     We used this source to help us get started on out topic. It was a 
     source that helped us get basic research. We learned about how the transistor interacts 
     with the other hardware of the computer.

"Introduction to Theoretical Physics." Wikibooks.org, 
     en.m.wikibooks.org/wiki/Introduction_to_Theoretical_Physics. Accessed 12 Dec. 2019. 
     This was very helpful at the beginning of our research on John Bardeen.

     What we learned from this was a little bit more background on him and what he did. It was very helpful 
     because of this.






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